Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment Introduction

Osteoporosis is a slowly progressive disease of bones with resulting reduced bone density and strength. This could increase the risk of fractures. Often termed as the "silent disease," osteoporosis often develops without any noticeable symptoms until a fracture occurs. It is very important to understand osteoporosis, its symptoms, how it can be diagnosed, and what the treatment options are, not only for prevention but also in the management of the disease. What is osteoporosis? Osteoporosis occurs when there is either an excessive loss of bone, a decrease in the amount of bone, or both. As the bones become porous, they weaken and are more likely to break, especially in the hip, spine, and wrist areas. It affects millions of people worldwide with a considerable number of women after going postmenopausal but it can also occur to men and young people. Risk factors Several factors contribute to the development of osteoporosis: 1. Age: Bone density usually decreases as people age. 2. Gender: Women are at higher risk, especially after menopause due to decreased estrogen levels. 3. Family history: Such patients who have a family history of osteoporosis are at a higher risk. 4. Body frame size: They usually have less bone mass if they have a smaller body frame. 5. Hormone levels: Low level of sex hormones make bones weak 6. Diet: diet low in calcium and vitamin D leads to bone loss

7. Lifestyle habits: Smoking, consuming excessive alcohol, and lack of physical activity can increase risk.

Symptoms of osteoporosis Usually, osteoporosis has no symptoms until the time when an individual suffers a fracture. Some symptoms would denote weak bones, though: 1. Fractures: Easy fractures, or fractures with minimum trauma, are considered common indicators. For example, falls might cause hip fractures, while bending can prompt spinal fractures. 2. Back pain: It can be resulted in due to fracture of vertebrae or even compression of the vertebrae. 3. Loss of height: A possible loss of height over time could be a spinal compression sign. 4. Hunched Posture: Altered postures, such as hunched; this is brought on by multiple vertebral fractures. 5. Higher chance of falls: Osteoporosis can make a person fall more times due to weakness or poor balance. Diagnostic process of osteoporosis The early diagnosis of osteoporosis is crucial to proper treatment. The approaches used in the diagnosis of the disorder are as follows: 1. Bone density test (DEXA Scan): It is a sure method for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. It measures BMD that would then be able to detect the osteoporosis before fractures begin. The results would be matched with a reference population of young, healthy adults. 2. History: Detailed history would be necessary to find critical risk factors, previous fractures, and treatments that would compromise bone health. Bisphosphonates are the most commonly used medications for osteoporosis. These drugs slow bone loss, which may actually result in increased bone density. Examples include alendronate (Fosamax), and risedronate (Actonel). Hormonal treatment: It helps to prevent or delay loss of bone in postmenopausal women. However, it also carries some risks and should not be started without seeking approval by a doctor. Denosumab: This medication is an antibody which prevents the resorption of the bone and administered intramuscularly every six months. Teriparatide: When the disease is more aggressive, this medication, as a synthetic form of parathyroid hormone, stimulates formation of the bone. Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Drugs such as raloxifene work like estrogen in every respect that promotes the maintenance of healthy bone density without interacting with estrogen in a way that confers estrogen-associated risks. 2. Dietary supplements: Calcium and vitamin D need to be in adequate amounts for bone health. Supplements can be prescribed if dietary intake is inadequate.

5. Regular Monitoring: A person is required to follow up his bone density constantly and the effectiveness of the treatment being offered to his condition with a view of modifying the treatment regime whenever the need arises. Living with osteoporosis Osteoporosis management is a long term process where the goal has to be to maintain good bone health. Here are some strategies for living well with osteoporosis: Stay informed: Knowledge about osteoporosis and its consequences can help people to act in compliance with their best interests. Build a support network: It may be helpful to talk / interact with some healthcare workers and or support groups and family members who may encourage and motivate a person with diabetes. Adopt a healthy lifestyle: Daily intake of other foods rich in calcium as well as proportional vitamin D consumption, exercise programs plus the total avoidance of luxuries like smoking will yield health benefits. Regular Checkups: To ensure optimal bone health and modify your risk factors as necessary, see your health care providers on a regular basis.

Conclusion osteoporosis has become one of the major health concern worldwide and is most common in the elderly. This means that for someone with the disease, being informed of its symptoms, how to get diagnosed early and follow the management and treatment will help to minimize chances of getting a fracture. The measures that can be taken to build strong bones for life are to reduce risk factors, practice healthy lifestyle and get regular check ups. In case you feel you may have been predisposed to endosteal rebalancing common in osteoporosis, it is best to seek medical advice on recommended evaluation procedures.